Hot spots are inflamed areas on the skin that are aggravated by the dog licking, biting and scratching at the area. A hot spot, technically called an acute moist pyoderma, is caused by the microorganism Staphylococcus intermedius. These spots are surface skin infections caused when populations of this normal skin bacterium grow and overwhelm the animals’ normal resistance. When the microorganism invades the skin at a weakened point, it produces endotoxins that are destructive to skin cells. Hot spots are generally swollen, circular patches that lose hair and tend to be painfully itchy.  Often the dog will lick, scratch or bite the area to the point of self-mutilation. The dog’s attempt to relieve the discomfort further aggravates the condition.  These sores can develop very rapidly, seeming to arise in a matter of hours with no prior warning. 

The most common locations for hot spots are the legs, feet, flanks and rump but they can also appear on the ears, neck and chest. Vulnerable areas seem to be where the dog’s skin is the thinnest. Warm, moist areas on the skin, such as lip folds, facial or neck folds and tail areas are at an increased risk for infection. Pressure points such as elbows and hocks are also prone to infections due to irritation from repeated pressure.

Whether pyoderma infections are chronic or acute, they are almost always associated with an underlying cause.  Food or airborne allergies, hypothyroidism or a compromised immune system can lead to hot spots.  Allergic reactions to flea bites or something as simple as a wound, insect bite or scratch can be external causes.  A dog that constantly licks itself can cause a break in the skin that may create an infection at the site.  Tangled, matted or trapped dead hair, stress, or even boredom can also cause hot spots.

Treatment for a slight skin infection can be done by trimming away the hair and cleaning the area with warm water. Clipping makes it easier to treat the wound and keep it clean. You can try to apply an antibacterial ointment but, unfortunately, the above will not work on severe hot spots. Hot spots are very painful and even a normally even-tempered dog may growl or nip when touched. 

A veterinarian will be better at treating the sore directly and will be able to prescribe an oral antibiotic for a dog. They may also give the dog a short acting injection of cortisone. Steroids can have serious side effects if given regularly over an extended period of time so caution should be taken in their use with our pets. An Elizabethan collar may be placed on the dog to keep him from biting at the area on its body. The doctor will also search for the primary cause of the inflammation. An insect bite or wound may indicate that the hot spot will be a one-time occurrence.  If your dog has fleas or ticks there are several products that your veterinarian will recommend. Finding a food allergy might involve a long process of an elimination diet.  Hypothyroidism can be determined through a blood test.   If the underlying cause is tangled or matted hair, putting the dog on a regular grooming schedule either at home or at a grooming facility works well. For dog with reoccurring hot spots, weekly baths with an antibacterial shampoo might be recommended.  If a pet is bored or stressed, they may simply need more exercise, mental stimulation and attention. 

Good nutrition is essential in keeping a dog’s immune system operating properly as well as to its overall health. Healthy dogs are much less likely to develop pyoderma. Good grooming practices, flea control and avoiding known allergens are all important aspects in preventing future skin conditions.